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Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela

18 julio, 1918 - 5 diciembre, 2013

Biografía


Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (Xhosa pronunciation: [xoˈliːɬaɬa manˈdeːla]; 18 July 1918 − 5 December 2013[1]) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and politician who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the first black South African to hold the office, and the first elected in a fully representative, multiracial election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid through tackling institutionalised racism, poverty and inequality, and fostering racial reconciliation. Politically an African nationalist and democratic socialist, he served as the President of the African National Congress (ANC) from 1991 to 1997. Internationally, Mandela was the Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999.
A Xhosa born to the Thembu royal family, Mandela attended the Fort Hare University and the University of Witwatersrand, where he studied law. Living in Johannesburg, he became involved in anti-colonial politics, joining the ANC and becoming a founding member of its Youth League. After the Afrikaner nationalists of the National Party came to power in 1948 and began implementing the policy of apartheid, he rose to prominence in the ANC's 1952 Defiance Campaign, was elected President of the Transvaal ANC Branch and oversaw the 1955 Congress of the People. Working as a lawyer, he was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and, with the ANC leadership, was prosecuted in the Treason Trial from 1956 to 1961 but was found not guilty. Although initially committed to non-violent protest, in association with the South African Communist Party he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) in 1961, leading a bombing campaign against government targets. In 1962 he was arrested, convicted of sabotage and conspiracy to overthrow the government, and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Rivonia Trial.
Mandela served 27 years in prison, first on Robben Island, and later in Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Prison. An international campaign lobbied for his release, which was granted in 1990 amid escalating civil strife. Becoming ANC President, Mandela published his autobiography and led negotiations with President F.W. de Klerk to abolish apartheid and establish multiracial elections in 1994, in which he led the ANC to victory. He was elected President and formed a Government of National Unity in an attempt to defuse ethnic tensions. As President, he promulgated a new constitution and initiated the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate past human rights abuses. Continuing the former government's liberal economic policy, his administration introduced measures to encourage land reform, combat poverty, and expand healthcare services. Internationally, he acted as mediator between Libya and the United Kingdom in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial, and oversaw military intervention in Lesotho. He declined to run for a second term, and was succeeded by his deputy, Thabo Mbeki. Mandela subsequently became an elder statesman, focusing on charitable work in combating poverty and HIV/AIDS through the Nelson Mandela Foundation.
Mandela has been a controversial figure for much of his life. Right-wing critics denounced him as a terrorist and communist sympathiser. He nevertheless gained international acclaim for his anti-colonial and anti-apartheid stance, having received more than 250 honours, including the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize, the US Presidential Medal of Freedom, and the Soviet Order of Lenin. He is held in deep respect within South Africa, where he is often referred to by his Xhosa clan name, Madiba, or as Tata ("Father"); he is often described as "the father of the nation". Mandela died following a long illness on 5 December 2013 at his home in Johannesburg.
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Nombre Nelson Mandela
Fecha de nacimiento 18 julio, 1918
Fecha de defunción 5 diciembre, 2013
Ciudad de origen Mthatha, EC, ZA 
Otra ciudad Johannesburg, GP, ZA 
Frase favorita "It always seems impossible until its done." "In my country we go to prison first and then become President." "There is no easy walk to freedom anywhere, and many of us will have to pass through the valley of the shadow of death again and again befor
Momento importante

Momentos importantes

1936 Clarkebury, Healdtown and Fort Hare:
1941 Arriving in Johannesburg
1943 Revolutionary activity Law studies and the ANC Youth League
1950 Defiance Campaign and Transvaal ANC Presidency
1955 Congress of the People and the Treason Trial
1961 Umkhonto we Sizwe and African tour
1962 Imprisonment Arrest and Rivonia trial
1962 Robben Island
1982 Pollsmoor Prison
1988 Victor Verster Prison and release
1990 The end of apartheid- Early negotiations
1991 The CODESA talks
1994 General election
1994 Presidency of South Africa
1999 Retirement
2013 Death

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Josh published a tribute .

You will be sorely missed!

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Charles Benoualid published a tribute .

A man of great wisdom whos imprint is ever lasting

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Michael Smith published a tribute .

What a life lived. You were an inspirational human being and your presence will be greatly missed.

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